Bush coup d'etat by illegal disenfranchisement (no voting rights). Around 600 votes in Florida won the November 2000 U.S. presidential election. BBC, London Observer, March 9 report of US Commission on Civil Rights, Congressional Black Caucus, Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, etc. paint big picture of ILLEGAL disenfranchisement of tens of thousands of Florida voters. Especially blacks, Puerto Ricans, poor whites. Voters that normally vote mostly Democrat. Blacks voted 9 to 1 for Democrat Gore. Also, LEGAL Florida disenfranchisement of hundreds of thousands of felons via racist Republican drug laws.

Home. Contact.

See: Global Marijuana March. ~600 different cities since 1999. First Saturday in May. City lists: 1999 2000 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2010. 11 ...Search them. Add city name to search.

With less than 5% of world population the USA has over 2.4 million of 9.8 million world prisoners! The majority of U.S. inmates are in due to the drug war.

Most Republican leaders oppose cheap universal healthcare. 45,000 uninsured Americans die each year due to lack of health insurance.

Bush coup d'etat by illegal disenfranchisement (no voting rights). Around 600 votes in Florida won the November 2000 U.S. presidential election. BBC, London Observer, March 9 report of US Commission on Civil Rights, Congressional Black Caucus, Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, etc. paint big picture of ILLEGAL disenfranchisement of tens of thousands of Florida voters. Especially blacks, Puerto Ricans, poor whites. Voters that normally vote mostly Democrat. Blacks voted 9 to 1 for Democrat Gore. Also, LEGAL Florida disenfranchisement of hundreds of thousands of felons via racist Republican drug laws.

Mirrors 1. 2.

Change mirror pages if problems.

*Table of Contents. After text loads, click topics below. Click TopLink, back button, or HomeKey to return here fast.

*Introduction.
*BBC and other non-profit British media.
*U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
*Puerto Ricans disenfranchised.

*More links.
*Disenfranchised. CHARTS.
*Electoral systems worldwide.

*Drug War charts, and more.

AddFreeStats.com Free Web Stats in real-time

!

Introduction. [TopLink]

Please forward. Around 600 votes in Florida won the November 2000 presidential election for Republican George W. Bush.

Reports from the BBC, London Observer, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Congressional Black Caucus, Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, etc. are coming together to paint a big picture of ILLEGAL disenfranchisement (voting rights blocked) of tens of thousands of Florida voters. Especially blacks, Puerto Ricans, and poor whites. Voters that normally vote mostly Democrat. Blacks voted 9 to 1 for Democrat Gore.

The American media has not really reported this big picture yet, except in the back pages, and only with much bogus spin attached. It looks like the USA has joined Latin America in the coup d'etat club.

Voter registrations illegally "lost." Registered voters blocked due to illegally-applied ID requirements at the polls. Illegal police intimidation of voters through roadblocks, delays, searches, etc.. Felon disenfranchisement laws illegally applied. Hours-long waits at polling places, especially in precincts that vote Democrat.

Republican involvement in private corporations in charge of certain aspects of voting records. Voting records that illegally blocked registration of tens of thousands of voters. Conscious neglect by Florida Republican politicians and Republican election officials before the election.

The ILLEGAL disenfranchisement is in ADDITION to LEGAL felon disenfranchisement of hundreds of thousands in Florida, which, due to the racist nature of felony drug laws, especially effects black drug law offenders. In Florida blacks voted nine to one for Democrat Gore.

*Racism of the Drug War. CHARTS. Revised. Many links and notes. This racism page linked just below has charts for black, white, and Hispanic inmate numbers and rates in the USA; and U.S. state by state disenfranchisement (no voting rights) laws. Many drug war notes, and LINKS to many more charts. Republican evil, Democrat complicity. The drug war disenfranchises (no voting rights) millions of voters (mostly poor people of color). Modern corporate control of the poor.
https://corporatism.tripod.com/charts5.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/charts5.htm

*Republicans lead U.S. Drug War. Democrats follow Republican evil. Huge LINKS list! U.S. Drug-war Industrial Complex. Republican fundamentalist holy war. Friendly Fascism. Drug war leaders are the rabid right, hate radio, hate television, NRA (National Rifle Association), religious right, (snortin') George Bush the hypocrite, etc.. Republican-led drug war disenfranchises (no voting rights) millions of voters (mostly Democrat-voting blacks).
https://corporatism.tripod.com/gop.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/gop.htm

*Majority of over 2.3 million U.S. prisoners are in due to drug war. Drug offenders, plus inmates in for drug-related crimes (such as robbing to get money for drugs that are expensive because of the drug war), plus drug trade crimes, plus drug-related parole violations, etc.. The USA has the world's highest incarceration rate. The USA has 5% of the world's population and 25% of the world's 9 million prisoners. The Drug-War Industrial Complex. Statistics, references, links, and charts:
https://corporatism.tripod.com/majority.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/majority.htm

-------------------------------------------

Non-profit British media give first serious mainstream coverage of the methods of the Bush coup d'etat. [TopLink]

*Silence Of The Lambs: The Election Story Never Told. By Greg Palast. March 1, 2001. "I can't help but note that the Guardian and Observer is the world's only leading newspaper owned by a not-for-profit corporation, as is BBC television." BBC = British Broadcasting Corporation.
http://www.mediachannel.org/views/whistleblower/palast.shtml and
http://la.indymedia.org/display.php3?article_id=5591 and
http://www.yahooka.com/ubb/Forum10/HTML/000873.html

*This is Greg Palast reporting from exile. Investigative reporter and MediaChannel advisor Greg Palast writes a fortnightly column, Inside Corporate America, for The Observer of London (Guardian Media Group). His stories about the purge of Florida voters are collected on his Web site:
http://www.gregpalast.com/

*A blacklist burning for Bush. "The more you look the more disbarred and 'disappeared' Gore voters you find. You'd almost think it was deliberate." By Gregory Palast, Sunday December 10, 2000, The Observer. (UK).
http://www.observer.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,409137,00.html and
http://www.yahooka.com/ubb/Forum10/HTML/000873.html -(2nd article)

--------------------------------------------

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, and Florida voting irregularities. [TopLink]

*Civil Rights Commission March 9, 2001 Status Report On Probe Of Election Practices in Florida. U. S. Commission On Civil Rights (USCCR). "Voter disenfranchisement appears to be at the heart of the issue. It is not a question of a recount or even an accurate count, but more pointedly the issue is those whose exclusion from the right to vote amounted to a 'No Count.' "
https://corporatism.tripod.com/civil.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/civil.htm
http://www.usccr.gov/vote2000/flstrpt1.htm -USCCR report.
http://www.usccr.gov/ -USCCR homepage.

The hugely overworked and under-funded U.S. Commission on Civil Rights at a meeting on March 9, 2001 pointed out that they were the only government agency officially investigating alleged Florida voting irregularities.

Up to that time the Commission had taken around 30 hours of open testimony in open Florida hearings.

The March 9, 2001 meeting was covered by C-SPAN.

Members of the Commission pointed out that there were few mechanisms nationwide for correcting or even investigating election problems.

One member said that the year 2000 election nationwide reminded him of police departments 30 years ago before civilian review boards.

Another member pointed out the views of world-renowned, election-observer and ex-President, Jimmy Carter concerning his problems with U.S. election methods.

------------------------------------------

Puerto Ricans disenfranchised. Congressional Black Caucus on Voter Irregularities and Voter Reform. [TopLink]

This section's info is from an IndyMedia article that has been repeatedly hacked, changed, and censored by forces unknown. This info has been even more ignored by the mainstream U.S. media than the illegal black disenfranchisement info.

In Central Florida, thousands of Puerto Ricans were denied the right to vote. Puerto Ricans tend to vote democratic.

According to Juan Figueroa, President of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, thousands of Puerto Ricans were prevented from voting in such areas as Orlando, Orange County and Hillsborough. His findings were made public before the hearings held by the Congressional Black Caucus on Voter Irregularities and Voter Reform. Figueroa alleges that many of the same tricks used to deny blacks the right to vote throughout the state were used against Puerto Ricans. Additionally, laws designed to provide linguistic aid to native Spanish speakers were grossly violated, making it more difficult to for Puerto Ricans to cast proper votes.

"Many Latino voters in Central Florida were turned away from the polls, ignored when requesting language assistance, required to prevent additional photo identification, and subjected to other forms of harassment, which resulted in thousands, ...THOUSANDS..., of uncast votes," Figueroa testified.

"In response to these allegations, the Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund sent lawyers down to Florida. A team of five lawyers have interviewed scores of Latinos in the Central Florida region, and our conclusion is clear: widespread disenfranchisement of Latino voters occurred in Florida in this past election."

These allegations will be filed, as part of a suit similar to that already filed by the ACLU, NAACP, and People for the American Way against Katherine Harris. Both suits allege widespread and systematic discrimination, under the Voting Rights Act, which demand specific redress.

A summary of the ACLU-NAACP lawsuit can be read at:
http://www.aclu.org/news/2001/n011001b.html

This site contains a link to the full complaint which can be downloaded.

----------------------------------------------

More links. [TopLink]

*2001-11. Guerrilla of the Week: Guerrilla News Network (GNN) Speaks With Greg Palast. Interview with GNN executive editor took place November 16, 2001. Above the Law. Bush’s Racial Coup D’Etat and Intell Shutdown.
http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=109&row=1 and
http://www.guerrillanews.com/counter_intelligence/doc233.html
*Through Friday March 16, 2001 you can view "What really happened in Florida,"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/cta/progs/newsnight/palast.ram by
Greg Palast for BBC-TV's "Newsnight."
Read the transcript. BBC News | NEWSNIGHT | Florida transcript - 16/2/01.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/events/newsnight/newsid_1174000/1174115.stm

*Salon.com published Palast's report on Florida's ethnic cleansing of voter rolls.
http://www.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/04/voter_file/index.html
*The investigation continued in The Nation.
http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20010205&s=palast
*Palast's Observer report on Bush campaign funding.
http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=15&row=1
-------------------------------------------

USA. Dubya's Disenfranchised Police State. Charts. [TopLink]

[TopLink]

USA. Almost 7.1 million adults were under correctional
supervision (jail, prison, parole, probation) at yearend 2005.
That's 1 in 32 adults, or
almost 3.2% of the USA's total adult population.
At yearend 2003 TEXAS led
with 4.6% of its adults. See end of chart.

_______________________________________________________
______Probation__Jail_______Prison___Parole___Total____
_______________________________________________________
1975_________________________________143,164___________
1976_________________________________147,539___________
1977____816,525_____________285,486__173,632___________
1978____899,305__158,394____294,396__177,847__1,529,900
1979__1,080,385_____________301,470__217,697___________
1980__1,118,097__183,988____319,598__220,438__1,842,100
1981__1,225,934__196,785____360,029__225,539__2,008,300
1982__1,357,264__209,582____402,914__224,604__2,194,400
1983__1,582,947__223,551____423,898__246,440__2,476,800
1984__1,740,948__234,500____448,264__266,992__2,690,700
1985__1,968,712__256,615____487,593__300,203__3,013,100
1986__2,114,621__274,444____526,436__325,638__3,241,100
1987__2,247,158__295,873____562,814__355,505__3,461,400
1988__2,356,483__343,569____607,766__407,977__3,715,800
1989__2,522,125__395,553____683,367__456,803__4,057,800
1990__2,670,234__405,320____743,382__531,407__4,350,300
1991__2,728,472__426,479____792,535__590,442__4,537,900
1992__2,811,611__444,584____850,566__658,601__4,765,400
1993__2,903,061__459,804____909,381__676,100__4,948,300
1994__2,981,022__486,474____990,147__690,371__5,148,000
1995__3,077,861__507,044__1,078,542__679,421__5,342,900
1996__3,164,996__518,492__1,127,528__679,733__5,490,700
1997__3,296,513__567,079__1,176,564__694,787__5,734,900
1998__3,670,441__592,462__1,224,469__696,385__6,134,200
1999__3,779,922__605,943__1,287,172__714,457__6,340,800
2000__3,826,209__621,149__1,316,333__723,898__6,445,100
2001__3,931,731__631,240__1,330,007__732,333__6,581,700
2002__4,024,067__665,475__1,367,547__750,934__6,758,800
2003__4,120,012__691,301__1,390,279__769,925__6,924,500
2004__4,143,466__713,990__1,421,911__771,852__6,995,300
2005__4,162,536__747,529__1,446,269__784,408__7,056,000
_______________________________________________________
______Probation__Jail_____Prison_____Parole___Total____
_______________________________________________________
The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns._____________

Yearly totals are rounded off to nearest hundred. There are
state and federal prisons. Jails are local and county lockups.

Use the free Adobe Reader for the pdf files.
Unzip the spreadsheets and then use MS Excel, etc..
Quote from the 2 links just above. Emphasis added:
"Texas led the Nation at yearend 2003
with 4,609 adults under correctional supervision per
100,000 adult State residents, followed by Washington
State (4,350), and Delaware (4,235) (table 8)."
That's 4.6% of Texas adults imprisoned, on probation, or on parole!
Calculations from Table 8 show that 1337 Texas adults
out of 100,000 are in prison or jail.
That's 1.34% of Texas adults imprisoned!

[TopLink]

"In 1998, a study by Human Rights Watch and the
Sentencing Project found that 13 percent of African
American men and nearly four million Americans had
lost the right to vote due to felony convictions."

State-by-state disenfranchisement
by category.
Adapted from chart in 1998 study. ["ExFelons" used
in chart instead of "Ex-Felons" in order to avoid
word-wrap problems (from using -dashes- in chart
rows) when chart is placed into some message
boards and list archives.]

_____________________________________________
State_by_state_disenfranchisement_by_category
_____________________________________________
State_____Prison_Probation_Parole__Exfelons__
_____________________________________________
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Alabama________X_______X_______X_______X_____
Alaska_________X_______X_______X_____________
Arizona________X_______X_______X_______X_____
__________________________________2nd_felony_
Arkansas_______X_______X_______X_____________
California_____X_______________X_____________
Colorado_______X_______________X_____________
Connecticut____X_______X_______X_____________
Delaware_______X_______X_______X_______X_____
District_of__________________________________
__Columbia_____X_____________________________
Florida________X_______X_______X_______X_____
Georgia________X_______X_______X_____________
Hawaii_________X_____________________________
Idaho__________X_____________________________
_____________________________________________
State_____Prison_Probation_Parole__Exfelons__
_____________________________________________
Illinois_______X_____________________________
Indiana________X_____________________________
Iowa___________X_______X_______X_______X_____
Kansas_________X_____________________________
Kentucky_______X_______X_______X_______X_____
Louisiana______X_____________________________
Maine________________________________________
Maryland_______X_______X_______X_______X_____
__________________________________2nd_felony_
Massachusetts________________________________
Michigan_______X_____________________________
Minnesota______X_______X_______X_____________
Mississippi____X_______X_______X_______X_____
Missouri_______X_______X_______X_____________
Montana________X_____________________________
_____________________________________________
State_____Prison_Probation_Parole__Exfelons__
_____________________________________________
Nebraska_______X_______X_______X_____________
Nevada_________X_______X_______X_______X_____
New_Hampshire__X_____________________________
New_Jersey_____X_______X_______X_____________
New_Mexico_____X_______X_______X_______X_____
New_York_______X_______________X_____________
North_Carolina_X_______X_______X_____________
North_Dakota___X_____________________________
Ohio___________X_____________________________
Oklahoma_______X_______X_______X_____________
Oregon_________X_____________________________
Pennsylvania___X_____________________________
Rhode_Island___X_______X_______X_____________
South_Carolina_X_______X_______X_____________
South_Dakota___X_____________________________
_____________________________________________
State_____Prison_Probation_Parole__Exfelons__
_____________________________________________
Tennessee______X_______X_______X_______X_____
____________________________________pre1986__
Texas__________X_______X_______X_______X_____
___________________________________2_years___
Utah_________________________________________
Vermont______________________________________
Virginia_______X_______X_______X_______X_____
Washington_____X_______X_______X_______X_____
____________________________________pre1984__
West_Virginia__X_______X_______X_____________
Wisconsin______X_______X_______X_____________
_____________________________________________
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
State_____Prison_Probation_Parole__Exfelons__
_____________________________________________
The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns.___

https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/charts5.htm mirror page.
https://corporatism.tripod.com/charts5.htm mirror page.
http://www.hrw.org/reports98/vote/usvot98o.htm#FELONY and
http://www.drcnet.org/wol/065.html#novote and
http://www.drcnet.org/wol/123.html#disenfranchisement and
http://www.cannabisnews.com/news/thread7539.shtml

------------------------

[TopLink]

U.S. Incarceration Rates Timeline.
Number of prison and jail inmates per 100,000 population.
Midyear population. Rates slightly lower if yearend population.
TEXAS rates at the chart end:
1014 in 1999. 966 in 2001.
That is 1% of Texans imprisoned!

1925 to 1977 incarceration rates are estimates based on prison rates. 1925 to 1977 jail rates are estimated to be 50% of prison rates. The 2 rates are added together to get the 1925-77 incarceration rate. High* and low rates are shown for 1925-77. See endnotes.
	Year	Incarceration Rate.	Total inmates in prisons and jails.	USA. Total Midyear Population.
Some key years. 1968. Nixon elected. 1969. Nixon in power. 1971. Nixon declares a War on Drugs. 1973. DEA begins. 1974. Nixon resigns. 6 Ronald 6 Wilson 6 Reagan 666 and Nancy Reagan. Their "Just Say NO" , Holy War on Drugs. The Beast. :) Fascism with a smiley face...	1925 1928 1932 1934 1939 1945 1950 1952 1961 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 1977 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005	119 144 165* 164 206* 147 164* 162 179* 141 146* 143 140** 144 153 194 203 220 241 263 276 288 312 332 353 388 435 458 480 503 524 558 595 610 639 658 678 686 688 707 718 729 742	452,790 501,886 555,114 610,767 645,713 681,282 742,939 799,171 856,906 949,659 1,076,670 1,146,401 1,216,664 1,292,347 1,364,881 1,469,947 1,585,586 1,646,020 1,743,643 1,816,931 1,893,115 1,937,482 1,961,247 2,033,022 2,085,620 2,135,901 2,193,798	222,585,000 227,726,463 229,966,237 232,187,835 234,307,207 236,348,292 238,466,283 240,650,755 242,803,533 245,021,414 247,341,697 250,131,894 253,492,503 256,894,189 260,255,352 263,435,673 266,557,091 269,667,391 272,911,760 276,115,288 279,294,713 282,338,631 285,023,886 287,675,526 290,342,554 293,027,571 295,734,134
Add in 126,561 inmates (Juvenile, U.S. Territories, etc.) to get total inmates.			+126,561	+4,327,569

	2005	773	2,320,359	300,061,703
		Total incarceration rate per 100,000 population.	Total inmates in U.S.A. and its Territories	Total population of U.S.A. and its Territories (4,327,569).

https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/rates.htm mirror page.
https://corporatism.tripod.com/rates.htm mirror page.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p05.pdf and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/press/pripropr.htm and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p05.htm and
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/corr2tab.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/usaterr.htm and
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html Population.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim99.htm 1999 USA.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim99.pdf -1999 USA
state-by-state incarceration rates chart is Table 11.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim01.htm -2001 links.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim01.pdf -2001 USA
state-by-state incarceration rates chart is Table 16.
2001 Federal rate of 49 can be calculated from Table 1.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/sheets/pjim01.zip -2001 USA
spreadsheets. See tables 1 and 16. Use MS Excel, etc..
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/worldbrief/usa.html state
rates map. Latest. Click any U.S. state name on the map.

The last link above is a clickable U.S. map of
state-by-state incarceration rates.
The rates are for inmates per 100,000 state population.
Note that no state in the USA has a rate less than 200.
Bush was governor of Texas 1994-2000. His legacy:
Louisiana (1025) and TEXAS (1014)
(under Bush) had the highest rates in 1999.
In 2001 (see the 4 links just above) it was
Louisiana (1013) and TEXAS (966)
that again had the highest incarceration rates with
1% of their populations imprisoned.
2001 Federal incarceration rate of 49 was NOT
added in to those numbers. In the USA it costs
around $25,000 average per year for each inmate.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS): "At midyear 2005,
nearly 4.7 percent of black males were in prison
or jail, compared to 1.9 percent of Hispanic males,
and 0.7 percent of white males. Among males in
their late 20s, nearly 12 percent of black males,
compared to 3.9 percent of Hispanic males and
1.7 percent of white males, were incarcerated"
Above BJS quote is from the link below:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/press/pjim05pr.htm __

*1925 to 1977 incarceration rates are estimates
based on prison rates from the Bureau of Justice
Statistics document NCJ 102494, State and
Federal Prisoners, 1925-85. Info is also in
NCJ 85861. The 1925-1977 jail rates are
estimated as 50% of prison rates. Prison rate plus
jail rate equals total incarceration rate. Sources:

http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/pdf/t6282004.pdf
http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/wk1/t6282004.wk1
http://www.ncjrs.gov/bjsonlineorders/feepubs.html
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/paperonly.htm
http://www.monthlyreview.org/0701fig1.pdf
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6001.pdf
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6002.pdf
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6003.pdf
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6004.pdf

---------------------------

Electoral systems worldwide, and drug reform. [TopLink]

For much info and many links go to:
https://corporatism.tripod.com/voting.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/voting.htm

*Greens and the Drug War. Worldwide. LINKS. Green Party candidates, positions, platforms, etc.. Concerning the Drug War, cannabis, marijuana, harm reduction, etc.. Ralph Nader info, links.
https://corporatism.tripod.com/greens.htm and
https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/greens.htm ___
*9-2000. MAP/DrugNews SEARCH SHORTCUT for many press articles about RALPH NADER's September 8, 2000 press conference in Santa Fe, New Mexico where he called for legalizing cannabis/marijuana, and for harm reduction drug reform. Ralph Nader "called for the legalization of marijuana as part of an overhaul of the nation's 'self-defeating and antiquated drug laws.' ... Legalizing marijuana, Nader said, would allow the government to regulate and potentially tax its use like tobacco products." -Albuquerque Journal, September 8, 2000.
http://www.mapinc.org/find?BK=nader+johnson+santa&YY1=1997

-----------------------------------------------

Drug War charts, and more. [TopLink]